News Commentary On Crime And The Media - 924 Words

Lastly, the dramatization by news programs today produces a glamorization of crime. News stories on crimes are extremely popular due to the fact that audiences’ remember bad news much easier than good news. Take history for example, much of history is filled with recounts of gruesome murders, wars, and scandals. An estimated 71 million viewers across the country tune in to their local news station’s broadcast (Yanich, 2004, p. 537). It can easily be assumed then that an estimated 71 million people will know the basic details of a crime that their news station is broadcasting. Crimes and their corresponding cases are exceedingly well known by viewers at the time when they are broadcasted; people know the names of the suspects, victims, and the main details of the crime itself. As posited in Yanich’s article (2004) on crime and the media, â€Å"The media’s treatment of and its relationship to crime and justice policy has received much attention.†(p. 5 35). With all of this attention on crimes in the news it is not surprising that in many instances alleged or even convicted criminals are seen as celebrities. These criminals receive ample airtime, and in many situations crimes and criminals that are highly broadcasted in the news are often later turned into big blockbuster movies. Movies such as Psycho, Bonnie and Clyde, and Zodiac are all based upon real life criminals and crimes. Some serial killers even have secret admirers that are obsessed with them. These admirers send theseShow MoreRelatedCrime, Deviance, And Deviance899 Words   |  4 Pageswe as a people so drawn to crime and deviance in the news? What is it about human nature that has a secret sense of interest or even some excitement when we turn on the television and see something major going on like a high speed chase or the like? Interestingly, the closer it happens to be to where we are, the more interested we become as opposed to something happening out of state, or further off in another country. The point here is not to defend or glamorize crime and deviance, but to pointRead More`` Videotape `` By Don Delillo : A Cynical, Social Commentary On The Overexposure Of Heinous Acts1508 Words   |  7 PagesDon DeLillo’s short story, â€Å"Videotape† presents a cynical, social commentary on the overexposure of heinous acts by means of new media outlets, such as the videotape, which contributes to the commercialization of tragedy for viewers and the resulting desensitization of the public that occurs. The story is focused on one of many homicides committed by the Texas Highway Killer, which has coincidentally been recorded by an unknown 12-year-old girl playing with a video camera in the back of her family’sRead MoreDoes Racial Bias Affect The Lives Of Americans? Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies, the presence of this bias changed significantly but not disappeared. In an age of media at every turn, the can influence so much and be so powerful. Unfortunately, one of the most apparent outlets of systemic racial bias is this proclaimed media, which tends to reflect and produce social perceptions of Americans and results in impacts on all Americans. A well studied and common example of racial bias in media would be sports and their coverage. Many of the mainstream sports have disproportionateRead MoreThe Crime Is An Act Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviour and the concept of crime itself, wither it is known through personal experience or daily conversations or more accurately through the media e.g. from films, newspapers and books etc. Media production goes through a process of mediation in which professional producers select and reject which stories are news worthy or not. Crime is very newsworthiness as it gets people talking, although the word crime itself can be hard to be defined as some people interpret crime in different ways which meansRead MoreProfessionalism, Ethics And Integrity Of The Bartholomew Police Department Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerning official business to include crimes, accidents, or violations of statutes or ordinances to persons outside the department, and to ensure that all employees tr eat such information as confidential. Finally, this policy is not intended or designed to hinder or impede the professional development of any employee. III. Policy Social media provides a new and potentially valuable means of assisting the department and its personnel in reaching out to the community, crime prevention, problem-solving, communityRead MoreEssay on Terrorism in the Media1109 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism in the Media Terrorism can be defined as the use of criminal violence to try to force a government to change. It can also be defined as the use of criminal violence that groups or individuals use to seek revenge and cause heartache amongst those that they want to hurt/threaten. Most terrorist groups prefer to target people for a more dramatic response and celebrate when the media broadcasts their violent acts on television and throughout the news. Lately, more and more deadly terroristRead MoreRape Culture in the Media Essay750 Words   |  3 Pageswomen is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture† (1a) Today you cant turn the television on without hearing references to rape culture. Jokes about sexual abuse plague every sitcom and news channels question rape victim’s every move. Even entire shows are dedicated to the topic such as Law and Order SVU. The media trivializes rape leading to a rape culture in America. Despite rape culture being clearly relevant in most all forms of media, many people choose to argue against itRead MoreCrime, Violence and Masculinity1541 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the majorRead MoreMedia Ethics Definition1554 Words   |  7 PagesWebsters New World Pocket Dictionary defines ethics as moral standards and as a system of morals. Websters then defines moral as, of or dealing with right or wrong. Similarly, media ethics are moral standards that are applied to the media. An example of t his is the Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics(1), a standardized list of items that members of the SPJ use as a guide in their strides to be effective journalists. In a similar manner, media professionals sometimes use theirRead MoreViolence in Television, Movies, and Video Games Should Not Be Censored1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthese media have on todays youth. Many people, including government officials, have singled out these three media sources as the cause of some types of violence simply because it is an easy target for laying the blame. The truth is that television, movies, and video games are nowhere near the actual causes for acts of violence and other crimes. Studies on the issue are, at best, inconclusive on the issue. Many people believe that television, movies, and video games are the cause of crime because

What Everybody Is Saying About 8th Grade Argumentative Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Everybody Is Saying About 8th Grade Argumentative Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why Before concluding the essay, it is important to summarise with a strong emphasis on the subject. In circumstances when you get to pick the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay which you are writing, it is essential to develop a clear thesis statement and an obvious sound reasoning. Argumentative essay format is dependent on your professor's requirements, because there is not any frequent pattern for each essay. The superb argumentative Scholarship Essay Samples formats and samples are just world-class, and they'll inspire individuals to write argumentative essays in various competitions. Check with our argumentative essay example at a better understanding. An argumentative essay is a kind of essay that presents arguments about each side of a problem. Every argumentative essay ought to depend on a topic that may be debated. It is crucial to be aware an argumentative essay and an expository essay might be similar, but they vary greatly concerning the sum of pre-writing and research involved. Bear in mind that the amount of your essay is based on the assignment offered to you. To put it differently, if you don't write a wonderful introduction, you won't have the ability to devise a flawless essay. The very first sentence of the essay has to be interesting enough to produce the reader read on. Then you need to endeavour to select an appropriate argumentative essay format. 8th Grade Argumentative Essay Topics Secrets Writing an argumentative essay is a skill that anyone in school should know, although it can be useful outside the classroom, too. The intent of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. Working to an argumentative essay when you're learning first steps, isn't an easy job to do. It's very beneficial to locate papers in relatively the very same area of studies. You need to recognize that different folks have various points of view regarding the exact same topic, so be patient. If you r eally need to get folks to find things your way, you will need to convince them with evidence and facts. An excellent method to tell if your topics is an argument topic is to see whether you can debate your topic utilizing the info you find. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. There's no overall profile of an individual involved with bullying. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to choose a topic that has more than one clear side. If you become lost on your way, refer back to our guide, and we'll be pleased to aid you with anything that you demand. Second, talk what you shouldn't do instead of what has to be accomplished. The Fight Against 8th Grade Argumentative Essay Topics Each region of the essay exerts a specific function in its general structure. Mind a thesis proposal as a distinct assignment is a lengthy, doctoral-level project. It is essential that the thesis statement needs to be slimmed down to be able to stick to the guidelines of the given writing exercise. A 1 hour essay deadline may be a true problem, if you aren't good enough at writing and expressing your ideas on a topic you aren't really interested in. An argumentative essay presents either side of a problem. It is a writing piece meant to persuade someone to think the way you do. It has a specific format that needs to be followed to blow the mind of the reader, and it is especially useful for students as well as the corporate while making strategic proposals. Usually, it has the same outline as the majority of traditional papers. Argumentative arguments are simply arguments that are written back on paper. If you wish to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you ought to remember is that its principal objective is to convince the audience to accept your standpoint. Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to decide on the victor. The primary reason why somebody is writing an argumentative essay is to make an effort to persuade or sway another man or woman or perhaps a group of men and women in your rightness in a particular theme.

Designing - Improving and Implementing Components Processes

Question: Discuss about the Designing, Improving and Implementing Components Processes. Answer: Introduction: There are three steps namely, designing, improving and implementing processes, which are necessary components for the development of an organization. Managing any organization requires complex decision-making process (Aguinis and Bradley 2014). It requires formulating or designing a plan for the organization. After testing the plans within the organization, the flaws are needed to be highlighted so that improvement can be made accordingly (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The next step towards managing any organization is the procedure of implementation of plans that have already been designed. In my coursework, I studied about change management theory. Multiple theories have been put forwarded for describing the procedure of Change management (Cummings and Wortley 2014). The concept of change management implies a structural change within an organization with a pre-specified target, which is to be achieved. This essay tries to focus on the changes of the designing, implementing and improving process. In addition, through this essay I tried to portray my view about the importance of these managing processes and the ways in which these tree steps can be helpful for the success of an organization. Changes in Designing, Implementing and Improving procedure: A transition within an organization requires changes within each and every component of the organization. I think that through the process of change management skills can be developed in several sectors like business skills, analytical and political skills. After the implementation of the system of change management, the DIIP gradually changed into a more complicated system of organizational development (Davenport 2013). Through designing, implementing and improving techniques a company can carry out alert its employees about the changes that it is going to bring into the organization. After development of the necessary skills if the company can bring in evaluation within the system it might help them in identifying the flaws generated after the changes. I realized that for smooth operation within the organization there is a need to minimize the existing resistance of the organization as well as external organizations (Pugh 2016). In addition, the designing should be such that through innovation there can be a radical change in the organization. I also realized that the focus of any organization is to try to minimize their costs through implementation of new technologies. It is only through constant innovation and up gradation of the existing system that the organization can be successful. The processes like Benchmarking and Lean Six Sigma can be implemented to understand the best practices within the organization (Vaishnavi and Kuechler 2015). Importance of managing process: There has been multi-facets managing process of any organization. After going through the learning outcomes and weekly classes, I realized that for the success of an organization there is a need for strict management system. The primary reason for implementing this is because there has been dearth of resources within an organization. Only a proper strategy that can guide the organization to use these constrained resources optimally (Anderson 2013). I discussed about the system of change management in the earlier stanza. Through that management tool a company can improve the performance of its employees by increasing their engagement within the organization and amongst their own-selves. The company might bring in innovation in their leadership, existing strategies and technologies in order to remain at par with other companies in the market. Again, through the process like organizational development, the business organization can reap the benefit of inc reased productivity and thereby earn extra profit within the economy (Della Torres and Solari 2013). The process of organizational development has evolved by amalgamating multiple disciplines into a systematic approach. I realized that through the process od organizational development any business tries to apply the existing tools, upgrade the technologies within the given framework. I think that since organizational development provides a totalitarian approach it is able to identify the fact that any changes within the sub-system is likely to affect the entire functioning of the complex system of the business organization through a chain-wise reaction. Henceforth through this system, a company can be benefitted by focusing on strategic management, communications and cultural innovation within the organization. My views and knowledge of DIIP: After attending all the discussions and participating in the varied range of activities I learnt and could recall few things that are necessary for the growth and expansion of any organization within its domain and even sometimes within intra-domain. Initially from the change management system, the first thing that I could recall is that it includes a complex procedure of involvement and innovation (Hayes 2014). The first thing that a company must do is to involve majority if not all the people within this changed process. The senior level managers and team leads should be responsible for carefully providing detailed information about the existing system and the way it works. In addition, they should be able to highlight the upcoming changes that the company is going to implement within their system. Just by spreading, the information within the employees makes it easier for the company to collect information regarding the acceptability of the new syst em and make the people aware about the changes they are going to face (Aguinis and Bradley 2014). Sharing the information within the group is very important as lack of information might leads to lack of adapting capacity thereby generating failure of the system. Along with it I learnt that the employees can take part in accessing the changed system before it is run in the market. By reviewing the acceptability and adaptability of the system the employees can provide feedback based on which the company can improve their system and then implement its operation in the market. This not only reduces the cost of the company but also saves them from facing failure in the market through direct implementation (Hayes 2014). Using the learning and understanding in workplace I realized that few things might be helpful for me in future. Through this lectures I learnt that bringing in innovation within any part of the organization, involving all my colleagues and juniors and persuading them in accordance with my terms is going to be the key of success. I learnt that grabbing the attention of my colleagues within the organization and persuading or motivating them can be helpful for my success. Persuasion is an art which if mastered can help me to unify the team at one goal (Pugh 2016). A team with diversified vision can seldom stand the fierce competition existing within the market. Henceforth, it is very important for me to learn the art of persuasion through which I can help my team within the organization to be strongly bound and motivated at a fixed goal so that they can produce a better performance. I also learnt that while motivating the team each member should be prioritized irrespective of his or her socio-economic background, age and gender. In addition to this, I learnt that having a substantial knowledge about the statistics and facts about the organization can be helpful for me to stand out in the crowd (Bloom et al. 2014). My coursework also helped me realize that it is important to learn the art of presentation to reach out to the mass. Henceforth, I would try to involve each member of the organization whenever any plan regarding change management is going to be taken. Involving even the junior level employees and newly joined workers is going to help me in creating a strong bond and sense of oneness with them, which can help in generating better ideas and positively influence performance. Bringing in innovation within the system can be helpful in a number of ways like it may reduce the cost of operation within the company, improve the efficiency of work and reduce the time taken to complete any work (Hayes 2014). Henceforth, my part is going to be providing constant moti vation the team to bring in innovation within the system. Few other aspects that might be helpful in improving the organizational development are the use of information communication technology. Through the help of this ICT I can bring in more transparency within the organization by keeping a check on each employees course of action (Bloom et al. 2014) This method can be helpful in negotiating with the basic components within the organization and establishing the truth. In addition to this ICT, a proper board, which can guide me in taking a proper decision within the system, might be helpful for the growth of the organization. Hereby, this essay can be concluded by stating that change management as a tool of DIIP is helpful in restructuring the organization. The organizational development is an advanced procedure and more complex than change management but it involves all employees and brings in innovation. On other hand, I learnt that team building might prove to be useful. Henceforth, I planned to learn the art and techniques of persuasion and implement in my workplace. Finally, I realized that use of ICT within the organization would help me in good team building and improvement in my performance in work place and uplift the performance of my organization as a whole. Reference: Aguinis, H. and Bradley, K.J., 2014. Best practice recommendations for designing and implementing experimental vignette methodology studies.Organizational Research Methods,17(4), pp.351-371. Anderson, D.L., 2013.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,60(12), pp.2859-2885. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Della Torre, E. and Solari, L., 2013. High-performance work systems and the change management process in medium-sized firms.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), pp.2583-2607. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Pugh, L., 2016.Change management in information services. Routledge. Vaishnavi, V.K. and Kuechler, W., 2015.Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. Crc Press.

Pereboom Argument free essay sample

Two thumbs up for Hard Incompatabilism Through Perebooms arguments we see how he argues against compatibilism, and how he presents to us four cases that will support his rejection against compatibilism. We will see how he delivers a way in which the agents will not be morally responsible for their actions, and succeeds in planting that seed of dought in us. Summary: In Pereboom’s argument, he discusses that it is because casual determinism is true that we lack this sort of free will that is required for moral responsibility, leading to him calling this hard incompatabilism. In Pereboom’s case for hard incompatibilism, it involves arguing against two competing positions. The first would be â€Å"Compatibilism which claims that free will of the type required for moral responsibility is compatible with determinism† (456). Which means that we do not have free will because it is something that is determined already which means we cannot be morally responsible for it. We will write a custom essay sample on Pereboom Argument or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And we have the second position which is Libertarianism. Libertarianism contends that although the sort of free will required for moral responsibility is not compatible with determinism, it turns out that determinism is false, and we do have the kind of free will† (456-457). Pereboom then gives us four different cases where Professor Plum participates in the cases where we get to see how the actions of an agent are being manipulated, in which indicates that it is possible for the agent not to be morally responsible even if they meet the compatibilist conditions. The first case tells us about Professor Plum and how he was created by neuroscientist, and how they can manipulate him to undertake the process of reasoning. So forth that because his actions is determined by the neuroscientist his first desire to kill White conforms to his second order of desire. In case number two, Plum is an ordinary human being in which he has been programmed by the neuroscientist in the beginning of his life to weigh reasons for his actions, and because of his egoistic reasons he is casually determined to murder White. Third case, Plum is an ordinary human being except he was casually determined by his earlier childhood life and the experiences he had in his surroundings. He still has the first and second order of desire, which lead his egoistic side to killing White. In the last case, Plum is a normal human being raised in normal circumstances, and is as egoistic as he has been in the last three cases. He has the ability to use moral reasons to regulate his decisions, but his egoistic reasons weigh heavily on him, leading him to murder White. All four of these cases are different and we see four different positions in which Plum is put into. But is Plum morally responsible for each and every case according to Pereboom? Evaluation: In Perebooms argument against compatibilism, we see how he gives us these four cases to evaluate and to see if Plum has a reason to be morally responsible for his actions. In case one, we see how Plum is not morally responsible for the murder of White because his actions where predetermined by what the neuroscientist did. As Frankfurt proposes â€Å"moral responsibility requires that the agent have endorsed his/hers will to perform the action in the right way† (457). In case number two he is as well not morally responsible because his actions where predetermined in the beginning of his life, which means that it was those actions implemented in his early childhood that predetermined the killing of White. As for case three, because of casual determinations by factors that where beyond his control, explains the absence for moral responsibility. In all three of these cases so far, Plum meets all the compatibilist conditions. Now we see case four, the only difference we see in this case from the rest is that in this case, the crime is not brought about by other agents, meaning no one else is involved in the decision. Because Plums actions are casually determined in case number four, he cannot be morally responsible for his actions as Perbooms conveys. It is because of these four cases that lead Pereboom to reject compatibilism because compatibilism allows for an agent to be morally responsible for an action even when it is casually determined to act as he/she will. As we see in case 1-4, if an action results from any deterministic casual process that goes back to the agent’s control, then he/ she will not be morally or have the control to be morally responsible for it. As we see Pereboom does have a strong argument that leads us to believe that our actions are predetermined. As for us to be morally responsible, I believe that we are to be held responsible for our actions, because we can choose to carry out the actions or not. As Peerboom states and finishes off his argument, â€Å"we should conclude, I think, that if an action results from any deterministic casual process that traces back to factors beyond the agents control, then he will lack the control required to be morally responsible for it. †(460).

Critical Essay on Frankenstein

Critical Essay on Frankenstein Critical essays are written after carefully reading and analyzing a given text. Critical essay writing is a common requirement in colleges. To succeed in this type of writing, a number of tips are essential. To begin with, the student has to conduct a sufficient research concerning the topic. This will provide a solid framework for analyzing key themes or concepts of which the instructor is expecting. A critical analysis demands a close reading of the text. A critical essay on Frankenstein, for example, cannot be written unless one adequately understands what Frankenstein is all about. A sample essay is as follows: Authored by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein is a Gothic novel with a storyline that is simply unforgettable. Revolving around Victor Frankenstein, the novel seeks to examine how knowledge can be used for purposes of doing well or for furthering evil in society. Additionally, the author is intent on depicting how technology has invaded modern life, thereby demonstrating how man often does not take responsibility for what he creates. In addition, the novel shows the power that nature has in restoring order after unnatural events. In so doing, Frankenstein adequately demonstrates a distinctive feature of Gothic novels, which is the focus on mysterious as well as supernatural happenings. For example, in Frankenstein, the thick, misty scene in which Victor collects body parts to use in his experiments indicates secrecy in what Frankenstein intends to do. In addition, the technologies that Victor uses to create life have been condemned as archaic and ineffective by one of his professors. Elsewhere in the novel, life is created in an unnatural manner. Another notable element in Frankenstein is its almost exclusive focus on the experiences of males. Throughout the novel, the female characters do not have a voice but are seen as fragile and end up being killed. This element has much to do with the author’s biography. Mary Shelley was brought up in the absence of her natural mother, who passed away after Shelley’s birth. For those characters who survive, the novel depicts them in such a way that personifies what is dominantly expected of a lady. Likewise, two male characters in Shelley’s novel are depicted as being highly ambitious and averse to having sexual relationships with females. Although Frankenstein seeks to demonstrate that society cannot achieve meaningful developmental progress if it continues excluding female participation in its public agenda, it can be faulted for seeming to endorse the stereotyping of women as fragile or weak. This is supported from two perspectives, one being the fact that the novel’s authorship was initially disguised. Secondly, the notable concentration on male characters instead of female ones might suggest that the novel approves of male dominance. Despite this, one message is clear: Mary Shelley uses her novel to convey the oblique acknowledgment that enlightened women rarely survive in a male-dominated society. This is seen in the lack of independent and self-fulfilled women characters in the novel. What is conclusive from the novel is that self-fulfilling women in patriarchal structures are viewed via the male perception. What this means is that women characters in the novel are used only as tools to promote male characters as strong and independent. This is a very visible phenomenon in real life. Tips on critical essay writing: To prepare a decent critical essay on Frankenstein, you will need to become acquainted with at least several creative interpretations of this character: either in literature, or in cinema and theater. It will be easier for you to compose the essay based on the perception of the character and the widely known history of the story’s evolution. To offer valuable insight, you will need to provide particular examples from the novel or the screen adaptations to support your ideas and to make the content of your paper more convincing and valuable.

Learn About the Atlantic Island Territory of Bermuda

Learn About the Atlantic Island Territory of Bermuda Population: 67,837 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: HamiltonLand Area: 21 square miles (54 sq km)Coastline: 64 miles (103 km)Highest Point: Town Hill at 249 feet (76 m) Bermuda is an overseas self-governing territory of the United Kingdom. It is a very small island archipelago located in the northern Atlantic Ocean about 650 miles (1,050 km) off the coast of North Carolina in the United States. Bermuda is the oldest of the British overseas territories and according to the United States Department of State, its largest city, Saint George, is known as the oldest continuously inhabited English-Speaking settlement in the Western Hemisphere. The archipelago is also known for its prosperous economy, tourism and subtropical climate.History of BermudaBermuda was first discovered in 1503 by Juan de Bermudez, a Spanish explorer. The Spanish did not settle the islands, which were uninhabited, at that time because they were surrounded by dangerous coral reefs which made them difficult to reach.In 1609, a ship of British colonists landed on the islands after a shipwreck. They remained there for ten months and sent a variety of reports on the islands back to Engl and. In 1612, the king of England, King James, included what is present-day Bermuda in the Charter of the Virginia Company. Shortly thereafter, 60 British colonists arrived on the islands and founded Saint George.In 1620, Bermuda became a self-governing colony of England after representative government was introduced there. For the rest of the 17th century however, Bermuda was mainly considered an outpost because the islands were so isolated. During this time, its economy was centered on shipbuilding and the trading of salt.The slave trade also grew in Bermuda during the territorys early years but it was outlawed in 1807. By 1834, all slaves in Bermuda were freed. As a result, today, the majority of Bermudas population is descended from Africa.Bermudas first constitution was drafted in 1968 and since then there have been several movements for independence but the islands still remain a British territory today.Government of BermudaBecause Bermuda is a British territory, its governmental s tructure resembles that of British government. It has a parliamentary form of government that is considered a self-governing territory. Its executive branch is made up of a chief of state, Queen Elizabeth II, and a head of government. Bermudas legislative branch is a bicameral Parliament composed of the Senate and the House of Assembly. Its judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal and Magistrate Courts. Its legal system is also based on English laws and customs. Bermuda is divided into nine parishes (Devonshire, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton and Warwick) and two municipalities (Hamilton and Saint George) for local administration.Economics and Land Use in BermudaAlthough small, Bermuda has a very strong economy and the third highest per capita income in the world. As a result, it has a high cost of living and high real estate prices. Bermudas economy is mainly based on financial services for international businesses, luxury tourism and the related services and very l ight manufacturing. Only 20% of Bermudas land is arable, so agriculture does not play a large role in its economy but some of the crops grown there include bananas, vegetables, citrus and flowers. Dairy products and honey are also produced in Bermuda.Geography and Climate of BermudaBermuda is an island archipelago located in the northern Atlantic Ocean. The closest large landmass to the islands is the United States, specifically, Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. It consists of seven main islands and hundreds of small islands and islets. The seven main islands of Bermuda are clustered together and are connected via bridges. This area is called the Island of Bermuda.Bermudas topography consists of low hills that are separated by depressions. These depressions are very fertile and they are where the majority of Bermudas agriculture takes place. The highest point on Bermuda is Town Hill at just 249 feet (76 m). The smaller islands of Bermuda are mainly coral islands (about 138 of them). Bermuda has no natura l rivers or freshwater lakes. The climate of Bermuda is considered subtropical and it is mild most of the year. It can be humid at times however and it receives abundant rainfall. Strong winds are common during Bermudas winters and it is prone to hurricanes from June to November because of its position in the Atlantic along the Gulf Stream. Because the islands of Bermuda are so small however, direct landfall of hurricanes is rare. Bermudas most damaging hurricane to date was the category 3 Hurricane Fabian which hit in September 2003. Most recently, in September 2010, Hurricane Igor moved toward the islands.More Facts about Bermuda The average cost of a home in Bermuda exceeded $1,000,000 by the mid-2000s. Bermudas main natural resource is limestone which is used for building. Bermudas official language is English.ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (19 August 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Bermuda. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Bermuda: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108106.html#axzz0zu00uqsbUnited States Department of State. (19 April 2010). Bermuda. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5375.htmWikipedia.com. (18 September 2010). Bermuda - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda

Reading response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading response paper - Essay Example Indeed, it acts as effective weapon of sexism, especially for women because they live in men dominant society where their personal desires play secondary role to the wider expectation from family and social institutions like marriage. Lesbians and even gays are not accepted and treated with overt and covert violence. Homophobia develops because their preferred sexual identity would make them social outcast and they would be deprived of family, financial aid, safety, community and also stripped of credibility! Most interestingly, as Pharr says, if women even ask for the right to equality vis-a-vis employment, wages, social status, they are liable to be treated as lesbians! Feminism for them is equivalent to man-hater and therefore not acceptable within the broader framework of conservative society. Women surrender their lesbian sexuality out fear and it is time that power and control of social fabric become more equitable. The reforms in the social institution of society must focus on the root cause and not the peripheral issues of women. (words:259) ‘Cat’ by Julie Blackwomon has touched the awareness of burgeoning sexuality amongst girls when they enter their teens. In fact, author has shown that gender differentiation and sexuality among children does not rear its dirty head till parental control become more emphatic and visible. In this case, the protagonist, ‘Cat’ is confused as to why her mother does not want her to play with neighborhood boys. Her insistence to befriend girls of her age, especially one like ‘Sheila’ makes Cat more rebellious. Her adolescence becomes a cause of shame as it would bring in physical changes that would make her gender differences more visible and may alter her relations with her friends who are boys. The author has shown how sexual awareness could challenge social norms imposed by dominant male bastion. The innocent love between two girlfriends gradually turns into sexual awareness leading to lesbian behavior. Indeed, it is very important aspect of our conservative society as it disapproves friendship between genders in adolescents. The restraining environment and parental control may lead girls to experiment their sexuality with themselves as was the case with Cat and Sheila. If children are not forced to segregate in their teens because of the gender, the need to experiment deviant sexual behavior could be averted or atleast minimized. It is important for parents to become more open in their explanation of sex and empower children with information. It would help children to confide their fears and their doubts with their parent rather than explore sexuality in secret and develop preferences which otherwise could have been avoided. (words: 262) ‘Older women: The realities’ by OWL or Older Women League is highly relevant article because it has shown that sacrifices made by women as carers within family are not appreciated by society, especially when they become old. It reveals that in America, women above the age of 65 and above live six years longer than men and mostly alone. Despite spending most of their life in caring for other, they are relatively poor in their old age and live in poverty, unable to support their physical and medical expenses. Due to their family constraints they have lower or no pension, insufficient Medicare and most importantly low social security because they were unable to pay for it during their short employment period. The

Povery is a cause of illiteracy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Povery is a cause of illiteracy - Research Paper Example Illiteracy is the consequence of lack of education. In today’s world, literacy is especially significant for growth of a society as well as individual. Though there are many countries where illiteracy rate is almost zero percent, there are quite a few countries which are struggling to eradicate illiteracy by educating mass number of people. Illiteracy can be of two types, one is adult illiteracy and another is children illiteracy. There is no one and only cause for illiteracy, but biggest reason for illiteracy is poverty. People who are deprived of adequate amount of food generally are engrossed with the thought of getting food in order to survive. A person is incapable to concentrate on acquiring education with an empty stomach. People who are living below poverty line are unable to educate their children because they can’t meet the expense of the cost of education and thus compel them to work for food (Wagner, â€Å"Literacy and Adult Education†). Poverty and I lliteracy Poverty and illiteracy are interlinked with each other. Poor people are not capable to attain enough money to provide adequate education to their children and without proper education they become constrained to a life of poverty. Poverty can be of two types: Absolute Poverty: Absolute poverty is referred to as the deficiency of financial resources essential to maintain a certain minimal level of standard of living. The absolute poverty is based on aspects such as minimum financial resources required to fulfill basic needs or minimum income level needed to buy necessary food (Berg, â€Å"Poverty and Education†). Relative Poverty: Relative poverty is partially determined by means of the society where the person lives. For example, someone who is not considered as poor in Africa may be considered poor in America (Berg, â€Å"Poverty and Education†). Both kind of poverty is related to illiteracy. Inadequate financial condition may result in irregular attendance a t schools in developed countries. The relative poverty can lead any person to be excluded from society or a particular school community. This segregation affects in acquiring the full benefit from education and thus benefit of education into employment. Relative poverty also impacts the motivation to perform well in education or to participate in any educational event. The absolute poverty in many developing country normally have high illiteracy level. A number of children are unable to complete their primary education and a few are not even able to start their primary education. Absolute poverty results in poor conditions for education such as inadequate books, lack of electricity and no places for learning. Poverty leads to poor nutrition to children which affect the learning ability of children. According to Global Monitoring Report EFA in Sub–Saharan–African region, ‘more than a quarter of children’, who are below the age of five are malnourished due t o improper nutrition and poor diet and thus unable to attend or concentrate on school studies. Good nutrition and improved physical condition possess strong beneficial effect on children’s leaning ability and this is the reason poor children hardly concentrate on their education. Inadequate resources, unstable environment of learning and financial insecurity often lead to emotional stress in poor families which impact the level of education of children

Improving Management Essay Example for Free

Improving Management Essay It has been established that Company Q is a small grocery chain that has recently decided to close two of their stores in heavily populated areas due to profit loss and high crime statistics. The necessity to close two stores is a significant economic failure for both the community and the stake holders involved in the franchise. Company Q has demonstrated that improvements need to be made to restore their reputation within the community and gain the confidence it needs to succeed among the share holders of the company. Since Company Q has closed these two stores, the loss of employment by members of the community has been recognized along with the need for citizens to travel further outside of the community for groceries. This takes tax revenue away from the city and has also resulted in two vacant buildings. In a community already plagued with crime, this adds to the potential of additional crime. In order to salvage Company Q’s reputation with the community and restore trust with the shareholders, significant changes will need to be made. Based on the closure of two stores, the social responsibility that Company Q exudes is very poor and concerted effort will need to be displayed in order to prove they are a socially responsible company. Part B For several years, customers of Company Q have requested that Company Q offer a more health conscience and organic variety of foods. Due to the recent closure of two stores, it is noted that there are now funds available to provide this request at the remaining open franchises. Company Q recognizes that in order to regain the customer’s trust, they need to be accommodating to the desires and needs of their customers. The first recommendation is to continue to provide the healthier, organic food varieties being requested. This action recognizes the customer’s desires and validates that Company Q is listening and wants to be accommodating.  Money that is no longer being utilized to manage the two stores that are closed can now be allocated to the high margin items at the stores that remain open. Company Q has been asked by the local food bank to donate day-old products instead of throwing it away. Company Q has denied this request citing worries about fraud and possibilities of employees stealing and stating that they were actually donating it. Our first recommendation is to rescind this policy and work with your local food bank to be able to obtain this otherwise wasted food. The reputation with the community is already fragile after the closure of two nearby stores. In order to build trust with the community and the shareholders of Company Q, simply providing the requested healthier, organic food will not be enough. Extra effort being demonstrated by Company Q will need to be recognized. The next recommendation would be to create an Action Committee within each of Company Q’s open stores. This Action Committee will work together to create a system that  monitors the amount of high margin items being purchased from the distributor and then being sold to the customer. The products that can be donated to the local food bank will be recorded. These records will be maintained by the Action Committee and preferably a member of the managerial staff. The donated product can be considered a tax write off at year end. Since there is a committee monitoring what is coming in and what is being donated out, it will help minimize the potential of fraud or possible theft by employees. This Action Committee can then determine which products are being sold on a consistent basis and which products are being donated. The purchasing of high margin items from the distributors can be adjusted so that more popular items are being sold and fewer items are being donated. This action will demonstrate to the community that Company Q cares about the citizens and they want to be an active part of the community. It also can instill trust with Company Q’s employees that they are not the reason the business wasn’t donating to the local food bank, and that they believe their employees are trusting and have integrity. A final recommendation would be for Company Q to establish their own volunteer program consisting of members of management. If additional employees of Company Q desire to be part of the volunteer committee, it is completely on a volunteer basis. This volunteer team will periodically represent Company Q at local events. They can volunteer time at the food bank, local homeless shelters, charitable events and so forth. The team can organize events to paint over graffiti in the part of town where they previously closed two of their stores. The presence of Company Q in the community can help restore trust that was lost when two stores were closed and the community suffered. The stockholders in Company Q will also see a significant change in the community’s perspective of their company. Based on these three recommendations, we believe that Company Q will exemplify the social responsibility expected by a company this size and that has such a presence in this populated community. Upon request, additional recommendations can be made to ensure Company Q sustains and improves upon its reputation with the public.

Executive Summary of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. Essays -- Brewery

Executive Summary of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. continually seeks opportunities to maximize shareholder value and increase efficiency. Through their extremely effective marketing strategies A-B has gained control of over 47% of the global market share. In the process of doing this, Anheuser-Busch has become one of the most recognizable trademarks. This is not without its faults though. Anheuser-Busch’s aggressive advertising campaign has targeted more than who they bargained for. Through A-B’s catchy advertisements, they have attracted customers other than the 21+ age group, and recreational drinkers. It is the opinion of many researchers that Anheuser-Busch is negligent in their advertising, and insists that changes need to be made. Through proper regulation of their advertising, consumers would be allowed to make choices free of media persuasion. Situation Analysis Environment: Cooperative Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. continually seeks opportunities to maximize shareholder value and increase efficiency. As noted in the Annual Report for 1999, Anheuser-Busch remains focused on three major objectives to enhance shareholder value: ï  ± Increasing per barrel profitability which, when combined with continued market share growth, will provide solid long-term earnings per share growth. ï  ± Profitable expansion of international beer operations by building the Budweiser brand worldwide and making selected investments in leading brewers in key international beer growth markets. The company has made significant marketing investments to build Budweiser brand recognition outside the United States and operates overseas breweries in China and the United Kingdom. The company also has a significant equity position in Grupo Modelo, Mexico’s largest brewer and producer of the Corona brand. ï  ± Continued support of profit growth in packaging and entertainment operations. Packaging operations provide significant efficiencies, cost savings and quality assurance for domestic beer operations, while entertainment operations enhance the company’s corporate image by showcasing it’s heritage, values and commitment to quality and social responsibility to 19 million visitors annually as well as adding their profit contribution. The company’s strong commitment to achieve these objectives benefits a... ...th the regulations. Works Cited 1999 Annual Report, Anheuser-Busch Companies â€Å"Anheuser-Busch Announces Record Sales and Earnings for the Fourth Quarter and Full Year 1999; Worldwide A-B Brand Shipments Exceed 100 Million Barrels.† Business Wire, 2/2/2000. Online. Electric Library. Atkin, C.K., â€Å"The Role of Alcohol Advertising in Excessive and Hazardous Drinking.† Journal of Drug Education 1993, p.313-325 Best, Kathleen. â€Å"Simon Wants Warning on Liquor Ads.† St. Louis Post-Dispatch 3/31/93, p. 15A. Online. Electric Library. Fox, RichardJ.;Krugman, Dean M.; Fletcher, James E.;Fischer, Paul M., â€Å"Adolescents’ attention to beer and cigarette print ads and associated product warnings.† Journal of Advertising, 9/22/98. vol. 27. p. 57. Online. Electric Library. Gerbner, G., â€Å"Stories That Hurt.† Journal for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990, p. 53-57 Saffers, H., â€Å"Alcohol Advertising and Motor Vehicle Fatalities.† Review of Economics and Statisitics. 1993, p.431-442 Sellers, Patricia. â€Å"Selling: How Busch Wins in a Doggy Market.† Fortune Magazine, 6/22/87, p. 99. Electric Library. â€Å"Tax and Sin in Moderation.† St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2/26/98. Electric Library.

Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations Essay

Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations is the coming-of-age story of Philip Pirrip, better known as Pip. The story presents the development and growth of Pip as he becomes an adult. During the novel, the characters seem to have trouble communicating with each other. Because of the characters’ interest in only themselves, especially Pip, messages, some important and some not, are delayed or not received at all. According to G. K. Chesterton (1911/1996) in his article The Characters in Great Expectations, despite the novel’s title, expectations were never realized. This statement could be interpreted as expectations were never realized because of the communication problems between the characters. The characters never seem to express what they want to tell one another. Messages are misinterpreted, and some messages are never heard. For example, Pip had loved Estella from the first time he met her. Toward the end of the novel, he finally told her so, but she did not reciprocate his love for her. She replied instead that she never misled him into thinking she felt the same way about him that he did for her. As a result, Pip was heartbroken (Dickens, 1861/1998). Pip only believed what he wanted to believe, and saw what he wanted to see. This was evident when he dismissed her cold-hearted personality. She tried to tell him that she did not love him, but he would not listen. Pip turned a blind eye and a deaf ear to Estella until he was ready to profess his love for her. Perhaps he was hopeful that, one day, she would love him as much as he loved her. Pip refused to see that Estella did not love him; he instead chose to look at the world through rose-colored glasses. This was not the only time in the novel when Pip had trouble communicating with another character. Early in the story, Pip is reunited with Magwitch. Pip wanted Magwitch to know that he did not turn Magwitch in to the police. However, Magwitch is seemingly not interested in what Pip has to convey. Instead, Magwitch gives Pip a look that Pip cannot quite understand (Dickens, 1861/1998). Magwitch does not seem at all interested in Pip’s explanation. It was evident to Pip that Magwitch did not comprehend the message Pip was trying to get across to him. Many of the characters have facades (Harris, 2000). This could be a cause of the communication problem. For instance, Pip, when he became a gentleman, began to act how he though a gentleman should act. This led Pip to alienate Joe. Toward the middle of the story, Joe visited Pip in London. Although the visit was awkward, Joe wanted to tell Pip about what was happening back home. Joe was going to tell Pip that Wopsle became an actor. However, Pip did not listen. Instead, he was only interested in hearing that Estella wanted to see him. After Joe told him that Estelle did want to see him, Pip became friendlier and was then open to hearing what Joe had to say. Unfortunately, Joe ended their visit before Pip had a chance to change his behavior (Dickens, 1861/1998). Had Pip not been interested only in himself, Joe would have been able to tell Pip about Wopsle. Because Joe felt alienated, Pip never heard the news about Wopsle. Perhaps if Pip had stopped thinking about his own, selfish needs for a few minutes, he would have been able to hear the news from Joe. On the road to adulthood, there are many times when miscommunication occurs. At the beginning of the story, Pip was an orphaned boy trying to find his way. On his path to adulthood, he was misled. Paul Pickrel (1960/1999), editor of the Yale Review, likened Pip’s journey to adulthood to a fairy tale, with Joe and Jaggers as Pip’s guides, and Magwitch as the terrible ogre. Magwitch led Pip to try to become a gentleman; Magwitch was the benefactor for one of Pip’s â€Å"great expectations. † While Pip was thinking he was being a gentleman, he alienated Joe, one of his guides to adulthood. This alienation led to the miscommunication when Joe went to visit Pip in London. The reader follows Pip on his journey to adulthood from an innocent little boy to a man educated by experience. He is a fantasist; he thinks he can have the best of both worlds (Pickrel, 1960/1999). Pip isolates himself, and in the process becomes a terrible snob. He cut himself off from the people he loved, the people who loved him. At the end of the story, Pip returned to the forge. He was then informed that his sister has died and Joe married Biddy. Had he not been sucked into the myth of his own life, Pip could have married Biddy. Pip’s life could have turned out much differently had he kept the lines of communication open with Joe. Miscommunication happens along the way, but Pip learned from those experiences, and he became a better man for it. – Chesterton, G. K. (1911/1996). The Characters in Great Expectations. In Harold Bloom (ed. ), Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. 34. – Dickens, Charles. (1861/1998). Great Expectations. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 43, 216-217, 345. – Harris, Robert. (2000). Notes for Great Expectations. Retrieved June 10, 2009, from Virtual Salt. http://www. virtualsalt. com/lit/greatexp. htm – Pickrel, Paul. (1960/1999). Pip’s Personal Journey to Adulthood. In Lawrence Kappel (ed. ),

Swot Analysis: Pepsi

SWOT Analysis: PepsiCo Diversification Strategy in 2008 Name Course Instructor Name Date PepsiCo Diversification Strategy in 2008 PepsiCo History †¢ PepsiCo is the second largest snack and beverage company in the world. Established in 1965 when Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay shareholders merged their salty snack icon and soft drink giant. With revenues of $500 million with popular brands such as Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Fritos, Lay’s, Cheetos, and Ruffles, they have achieved growth and long-term value in its operational activities by creating competitive advantages through new product innovation and acquisitions. Its portfolio has grown year after year with its acquisition of Tropicana in 1998, two largest bottlers (Pepsi Bottling Group/PepsiAmericas) in 2010 and Wimm-Bill-Dann (dairy products) in 2011, and the merger with Quaker Oats in 2001. Profits generating $39. 5 billion in net revenues in 2007 leading to 19 products each generating $1 billion in worldwide retail revenues in 2010. Some of the most popular inclusions have been Quaker Oats, Gatorade G2, Tiger Woods signature sports drinks, Cap’n Crunch cereal, Aquafina, and Aunt Jamima pancake mix. In keeping up with consumer health and wellness concerns of reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, trans fats, and simple carbohydrates, PepsiCo created better-for-you and good-for-you products under the Power of One alliance strategy which focused on increasing customers tendency to purchase more than one PepsiCo product during each visit. A quite ingenious innovation! †¢ †¢ SWOT Analysis Strengths Branding Diversification Distribution Weaknesses Overdependence on Snacks & Non-carbonated drinks Large Size Low Productivity Opportunities Broadening of Product Base International Expansion Growing Snacks of new flavors and Bottled Water market in U. S. Threats Decline in Carbonated Drink Sales Potential Negative Impact of Government Regulations Intense Competition Potential Disruption Strengths Branding †¢ PepsiCo’s top brand is its most recognized brand in the world, Pepsi, followed by its 155 varieties of Frito-Lay, PepsiCo beverages, Tropicana, Gatorade, and Quaker Oats brands. Most PepsiCo brands reached number one or two positions in their respective categories and has â€Å"24 other global and local brands with annual retail sales ranging from $250 million to $1 billion, including Sobe, Naked, AMP Energy, Propel Zero, Sabritas, Gamesa, Lebedyansky, Aunt Jemima and Rice? A? Roni . † (PepsiCo website) In2008, Frito-Lay was the top selling chip brand in the U. S. and Propel Fitness Water was the leading brand of functional water; In 2007 it was Gatorade, propel, and Aquafina with a 76 percent market share. Three initiatives leading the industry were â€Å"convenience, a growing awareness of nutritional content of snack foods, and indulgent snacking. † (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 426) The strength of these brands is evident in PepsiCo’s presence in 200 countries and proven in it’s 2007 net revenues of $39. 5 billion globally and annualized revenues of $60 billion in 2010. (PepsiCo website) The company has the largest market share in the US beverage at 39%, and snack food market at 25%. Such brand dominance insures loyalty and repetitive sales. †¢ Diversification †¢ PepsiCo’s diversification not only integrates snacks (chips), ready-to-drink teas, juice drinks, flavored/bottled water, as well as breakfast cereals, cakes and cake mixes, but its brands are catered to its international franchise such Crujitos corn snacks, Fruko beverages, and Crueslic cereal sold in the UK, Europe, Asia, Middle East, and Africa. All the various products plus a multi-channel distribution system, and its 300,000 team of professionals that thrive on collaboration and respect were led by three CEOs (Enrico, Reinemund, Nooyi); all of which served to insulate PepsiCo position as the â€Å"world’s second largest food and beverage business†. (PepsiCo website) Distribution †¢ The company delivers its products through direct-store-delivery (DSD) from manufacturing plants and warehouses to customer warehouses and foodservice and vending distribution networks to retail stores. PepsiCo website) These delivery options allow maximum visibility and appeal (DSD), costs savings for fragile/perishables with lower turnover (customer warehouse), and the use of third party distribution services (foodservice/vending) to schools, stadiums and restaurants reducing stock-outs. All are based on â€Å"customer needs, product characteristics, and local trade practices†. (PepsiCo website) Weaknesses Overdependence on Snacks and Non-carbonated drinks †¢ PepsiCo failed to focus on its main brand, Pepsi. Although sales of carbonated drinks was considerable his, it was carried by it’s non-carbonated which increased revenues 5 percent; consequently, carbonated revenues dropped 3 percent the same year, 2007. †¢ The company focused on more healthy products by trying to develop new sweeteners and acquiring Izze lightly carbonated sparkling fruit drinks in 2007. It failed to strengthen its position in the U. S. to out beat Coca-Cola and lagged 10 percent in 2007; bumping PepsiCo to the number two position of nonalcoholic beverage producer. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 430) Large Size †¢ Despite its international presence, 48 percent of its revenues originate in the US. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 431) This leaves PepsiCo vulnerable to the impact of changing economic conditions. Large US customers could exploit PepsiCo’s lack of bargaining power and negatively impact revenues. Acquisition of Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC initially proved beneficial but continued growth in snack food and beverage acquisitions deemed its strategic-fit benefits existing between restaurants and its core beverage and snacks were difficult to capture. Benefits were offset by fast-food industries fierce price competition and low profit margins. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 423) †¢ â€Å"Its value chain consists of 230 plants, 3,600 distribution systems, and 120,000 service routes around the world. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 436) Low Productivity †¢ Low profit margins on PepsiCo’s international business demanded the need for a new organizational structure leading to the 2008 realignment creating a three division structure under one roof with six reporting segments: Frito-Lay North America, Quaker Foods North America, Latin American Foods, PepsiCo Americas Beverages, United Kingdom & Europe, and Middle East, Africa & Asia. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 36) In an article from the Dow Jones & Company, dated 21 November 2012, it reports a disappointing year for Pepsi and the speculation that PepsiCo may be reconsidering its refusal to create separate global snacks and beverage companies. † (Proquest) Opportunities Broadening of Product Base †¢ PepsiCo seized opportunity of potential weaknesses by acquiring Mexico’s largest Pepsi bottler, Pepsi-Gemex SA de CV, for $1. 26 billion capitalizing Mexico’s number one producer of purified wa ter. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 34) In addition, the two largest bottlers (Pepsi Bottling Group/PepsiAmericas) in 2010 and Wimm-Bill-Dann (dairy products) in 2011, and the merger with Quaker Oats in 2001. †¢ It continues to broaden its product base by introducing what consumers want most: Healthier snacks and drinks, convenient snack size portions, and introducing multiple flavors to the needs of various cultures. These initiatives will enable PepsiCo to adjust to the changing lifestyles of its consumers and appeal to its international customer base. International Expansion †¢ PepsiCo is focused on expanding Gatorade into 15 additional countries, Tropicana into 20 new markets, and Lipton into five international markets in 2012. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 434) Its expansion into international markets and a lessening its dependence on US sales in addition to the company plans on major capital initiatives in China will increase their global customer base. Growing Snacks of new flavors and Bottled Water market in US †¢ Products such as Aquafina, and Propel are well established products and in a position to ride the upward crest. PepsiCo products such as, Doritos tortilla chips, Cheetos cheese flavored snacks, Tostitos tortilla chips, Ruffles potato chips, Sun Chips multigrain snacks, Rold Gold pretzels, benefit from a growing savory snack markets.. Threats Decline in Carbonated Drink Sales †¢ Soft drink sales have decline by as much as 2 percent from 2005 to 2007 due to a health conscience society. Fruit beverages went down slightly and others stayed relatively the same. The future state of the economy and additional emphasis on health could drive these numbers in the negative direction. Potential Negative Impact of Government Regulations †¢ Manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of food products may be altered as a result of state, federal or local dictates. In 2000, PepsiCo experienced FTC setbacks due to concerns over the merger of Gatorade and that it might give the company too much leverage in negotiations with convenience stores. The FTC stipulated that PepsiCo could not jointly distribute Gatorade with soft drinks for 10 years. (Gamble & Thompson, 2012, pg. 423) This could have set them so far ahead of their number one competitor to stay number one. There’s also been talk about the ingredient, acryl amide, suggesting it could cause cancer if consumed in significant amounts in rats. If the company has to comply with a related regulation or add warning labels, it could have negative impacts. Intense Competition †¢ The Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo’s primary competitors. Intense competition may influence pricing, advertising, sales promotion initiatives undertaken by PepsiCo. Potential Disruption †¢ The economy is unstable and people are cutting back on spending. Although people want to eat and drink healthier products, the costs to eat healthier is more expensive so the changes to make healthier snacks need to stay reasonable. Another potential threat are the generic brands most stores sell that appeal to the penny pincher during hard times. Alternatives Smaller packaging †¢ PepsiCo could expound on making smaller portions to all their products that have high sale rates. Selling in bulk at cheaper prices is another option for the residential and business arena. Advertisements †¢ Promote their products through effective marketing strategies. Utilize internet, facebook and other resources that hit thousands at one time but isn’t expensive. Do funny advertisements like the Super Bowl ones more often. These are things people remember and talk about for long periods. Intense Competition †¢ The Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo’s primary competitors. Intense competition may influence pricing, advertising, sales promotion initiatives undertaken by PepsiCo. The economy is unstable and people are cutting back on spending. Although people want to eat and drink healthier products, the costs to eat healthier is more expensive so the changes to make healthier snacks need to stay reasonable. Another potential threat are the generic brands most stores sell that appeal to the penny pincher during hard times Potential Disruption Due to Labor Unrest – †¢ Outsource jobs to other countries to benefit their needs but provide job opportunities to people in the U. S. This provides added growth at home and abroad while not jeopardizing at home support. Assessment †¢ PepsiCo has held their own for decades and have grown into the global market becoming diverse in the snack industry, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, and incorporating new seasonings and spices to appeal to the local nationals. Pepsi has a large loyal group of customers that they need to stay attuned to and ensure they offer incentives for being so loyal. Offering discounts is a great way to not only keep customers, but it helps gain new customers. Overall, Pepsi has achieved success and stayed in the running. Although they were bumped down to number two, it seems as though the take great care in addressing lessons learned and are not fast to make a rash decision as they Dow recently reported that I mentioned above. They have cross-communication and rotate managers to keep them fresh on new initiatives and this puts fresh eyes on the situation to better capture new ideas and identify potential shortfalls. PepsiCo commitment is to deliver sustained growth. They offer a wide variety to meet the needs and preferences to satisfy fun to contributing to healthier lifestyles. It has a solid foundation and is only going to progress back to the number one position in the future. I think it needs to continue what it’s doing but not over extend themselves to where they lose focus on what started them in the first place, their number one product, the Pepsi. Which happens to be my favorite soda! †¢ †¢ †¢ References PepsiCo, (n. d. ). PepsiCo. Retrieved from http://www. pepsico. com/ on December 12, 2012 PepsiCo, (n. d. ). PepsiCo. Retrieved from http://www. pepsico. om/Download/PepsiCo_Quick_Facts. pdf on December 12, 2012 Bary, A. , (2011). Don't Rule Out a Pepsi Breakup Yet. Barron's, 91(47), 20. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0&did=2526832001&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD& RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1323732097&clientId=74379 on December 12, 2011, (Proquest Document ID: 2526832001). Gamble, J. E. , & Thompson, A. A. , (2011). Essentials of Strategic Management: The Quest for Competitive Advantage. (2nd ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill

Free Essays on Stroop Effect With Modern Teenagers

Abstract: This study is based in cognitive psychological perspective. It is an original study used to verify the previous findings regarding the Stroop effect. Twenty participants were selected at random and were treated entirely according to ethical standards set forth by the International Baccalaureate Organization. The researchers used repeated measures, whilst controlling as many environmental variables as possible. The independent and dependent variables were test taken and response respectively. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used to verify the hypothesis that deciphering the color of a word is more difficult than processing the word itself. The data presented in this study reproves previous studies by Stroop, Melara, and Virzi, and supports the hypothesis.Introduction: The psychological study performed concerned the cognitive aspect of psychology. This perspective is classically recognized by it focus on the mental processing of stimuli. In this particular study written language processing versus color processing interference was observed and measured. The study was designed to find the effects of Stroop interference. This interference is caused by what is called The Stroop Effect. J.R. Stroop pioneered this research in 1935 with his study of interference of serial verbal reactions. Studies on this topic have yielded results that color processing interference with language processing. Melara and Mounts in 1993 and McClain in 1983 affirmed Stroop’s original findings concerning the difficulties of discriminating between processing a word and the format in which it presented. Yee and Hunt (1991) did research regarding to the level at which participants focus on thee task presented, the idea that information is captured at a â€Å"conceptual l evel† rather than some perceptual level. It has been surmised that the responses are not based on the speed of processing but rather the capability of the subject. Simil... Free Essays on Stroop Effect With Modern Teenagers Free Essays on Stroop Effect With Modern Teenagers Abstract: This study is based in cognitive psychological perspective. It is an original study used to verify the previous findings regarding the Stroop effect. Twenty participants were selected at random and were treated entirely according to ethical standards set forth by the International Baccalaureate Organization. The researchers used repeated measures, whilst controlling as many environmental variables as possible. The independent and dependent variables were test taken and response respectively. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used to verify the hypothesis that deciphering the color of a word is more difficult than processing the word itself. The data presented in this study reproves previous studies by Stroop, Melara, and Virzi, and supports the hypothesis.Introduction: The psychological study performed concerned the cognitive aspect of psychology. This perspective is classically recognized by it focus on the mental processing of stimuli. In this particular study written language processing versus color processing interference was observed and measured. The study was designed to find the effects of Stroop interference. This interference is caused by what is called The Stroop Effect. J.R. Stroop pioneered this research in 1935 with his study of interference of serial verbal reactions. Studies on this topic have yielded results that color processing interference with language processing. Melara and Mounts in 1993 and McClain in 1983 affirmed Stroop’s original findings concerning the difficulties of discriminating between processing a word and the format in which it presented. Yee and Hunt (1991) did research regarding to the level at which participants focus on thee task presented, the idea that information is captured at a â€Å"conceptual l evel† rather than some perceptual level. It has been surmised that the responses are not based on the speed of processing but rather the capability of the subject. Simil...

Understanding the Glow of Noctilucent Clouds

Understanding the Glow of Noctilucent Clouds Each summer, people who live at high latitudes north and south of the equator are treated to a fantastically beautiful phenomenon called noctilucent clouds. These arent clouds in the normal way we understand them. The clouds were more familiar with are generally made of water droplets that have formed around particles of dust. Noctilucent clouds are generally made of ice crystals that formed around tiny dust particles in fairly cold temperatures. Unlike most clouds that float fairly close to the ground, they exist at heights up to 85 kilometers above the surface of our planet, high in the atmosphere that sustains life on Earth. They may look like thin cirrus that we can see throughout the day or night but are generally only visible when the Sun is no more than 16 degrees below the horizon. Clouds of the Night The term noctilucent means night-shining and it describes these clouds perfectly. They cant be seen during the day due to the brightness of the Sun. However, once the Sun sets, it illuminates these high-flying clouds from below. This explains why they can be seen in deep twilight. They typically have a bluish-white color and look very wispy. The History of Noctilucent Cloud Research Noctilucent clouds were first reported in 1885 and are sometimes linked with the eruption of the famous volcano, Krakatoa in 1883. However, its not clear that the eruption caused them - theres no scientific evidence to prove it one way or another. Their appearance may simply be coincidental. The idea that volcanic eruptions cause these clouds was heavily researched and eventually disproved in the 1920s. Since then, atmospheric scientists have studied noctilucent clouds using balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites. They seem to occur pretty frequently and are quite beautiful to observe. How Do Noctilucent Clouds Form? The ice particles that make up these shimmering clouds are quite small, only about 100 nm across. That many times smaller than the width of a human hair. They form when tiny particles of dust- possibly from bits of micro-meteors in the upper atmosphere- are coated with water vapor and frozen high in the atmosphere, in a region called the mesosphere. During local summer, that region of the atmosphere can be quite cold, and the crystals form at about -100 ° C. Noctilucent cloud formation seems to vary as the solar cycle does. In particular, as the Sun emits more ultraviolet radiation, it interacts with water molecules in the upper atmosphere and breaks them apart. That leaves less water to form the clouds during times of increased activity. Solar physicists and atmospheric scientists are tracking solar activity and noctilucent cloud formation to better understand the connection between the two phenomena. In particular, they are interested in learning why changes in these peculiar clouds dont show up until about a year after UV levels change. Interestingly, when NASAs space shuttles were flying, their exhaust plumes (which were nearly all water vapor) froze high in the atmosphere and created very short-lived mini noctilucent clouds. The same thing has happened with other launch vehicles since the shuttle era. However, launches are few and far between. The phenomenon of noctilucent clouds predates launches and aircraft. However, the short-lived noctilucent clouds from launch activities provide more data points about the atmospheric conditions that help them form. Noctilucent Clouds and Climate Change There may be a connection between the frequent formation of noctilucent clouds and climate change. NASA and other space agencies have been studying Earth for many decades and observing  the effects of global warming. However, the evidence is still being gathered, and the link between the clouds and warming remains a relatively controversial suggestion. Scientists are following up on all the evidence to see if there is a definite link. One possible theory is that methane (a greenhouse gas implicated in climate change) migrates to the area of the atmosphere where these clouds form. Greenhouse gases are thought to force temperature changes in the mesosphere, causing it to cool down. That cooling would contribute to the formation of ice crystals that make up the noctilucent clouds. An increase in water vapor (also due to human activities that produce greenhouse gases) would be part of the noctilucent cloud connection to climate change. Much work needs to be done to prove these connecti ons. Regardless of how these clouds form, they remain a favorite of sky watchers, particularly sunset-gazers and amateur observers. Just as some people chase eclipses or remain out late at night to see meteor showers, there are many who live in the high northern and southern latitudes and actively seek out the sight of noctilucent clouds. Theres no doubt of their magnificent beauty, but they are also an indicator of activities in our planets atmosphere.

Titanic The Best Film I Have Ever Seen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Titanic The Best Film I Have Ever Seen - Essay Example Cameron weaves the tale of the ill-fated voyage around an intense love relationship between two mismatched and star-crossed protagonists whose affair seems doomed to failure because of class differences. Handsome Leonardo DiCaprio as the poor artist Jack Dawson and beautiful Kate Winslet as the American debutante Rose DeWitt Bukater give stellar performances, ably supported by outstanding acting by Billy Zane as Rose’s cold-hearted fiancà © Cal Hockley, Frances Fisher as Rose’s financial ruin-facing mother Ruth DeWitt Bukater, and Bernard Hill as the imposing ship captain Edward John Smith. By ensuring the tragic sinking of the Titanic does not eclipse the protagonists who are in priority focus from start to end, Cameron adroitly sidesteps a common failing in most epic disaster films – too many sub-plots interwoven around too many supporting characters. Two other contributors to the gripping nature of the film are its powerful visual effects whereby computer-sim ulated realities are used with devastating effect, and the outstanding soundtrack, especially â€Å"Hymn to the Sea† and the super-hit number by Celine Dion â€Å"My Heart Will Go On.† Although 80 percent of the 3-hour plus film comprises flashbacks, Cameron’s use of genuine documentary images traverses the thin line between illusion and reality so effectively that viewers do not just watch the film, but vibrantly experience it right from the day the ship was launched in Southampton to the time it sinks. The climax of the film is undoubtedly the overwhelming scenes of the mighty ‘unsinkable’ ship in its death throes as it slowly but surely sinks into a cold watery grave.  After viewing ‘Titanic,’ I was so awe-struck that it seemed James Cameron went to great lengths to specially construct a brand new ‘Titanic’ ocean liner, launch it with grand pomp and fanfare, and then let it sink with terrible grandeur†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I ha ve no doubt ‘Titanic’ is the best film I have ever seen.

Consultant Proposal (Quantitative management) Term Paper

Consultant Proposal (Quantitative management) - Term Paper Example ?Every night (or early morning) the dispatcher prepares a routeing schedule for the next day. Customers or sites to be visited are those based on calls from the previous day (regular-basis operations and one-time operations) or on complaints from sites that were not visited the day before owing to certain circumstances, e.g. breakdown of a truck, or traffic congestion. On a daily basis approximately 200 sites are to be visited and up to 20 different types of container are to be handled by a 27-truck fleet. The four types of waste can be transported to around ten waste processing facilities. Truck capacity is limited to one container unless a trailer is added. ?When scheduling the available trucks, several constraints have to be taken into account. Most of them are compatibility constraints such as: driver and truck should be seen as a combination; not all containers can be put on all trucks; driving with dangerous waste requires a special truck and a driver with an appropriate licenc e; there is a relation between waste type and waste processing facility; customers prefer certain types of container. ... ?[from Container Transport – a case study by D Cattrysse, K Geeroms, A Proost and C Van der Heyde] ASSIGNMENT TASKS ? †¢ Examine and present the problem (in your own words), determine what data you would need to collect to improve operations and where you would obtain this data, examine the literature and present a review, choose and describe an algorithm, model and/or approach that could be used to assist operations. Describe how this algorithm/model/approach could be implemented. ?†¢ Present your work in the form of a consultant’s proposal, that is, as if you were consultants who had been asked to assist the company improve operations. ASSESSMENT ELEMENTS ?†¢ Assignment Cover sheet. ?†¢ Consultant’s proposal. MARKING SCALE ?†¢ Presentation /2 ?†¢ Structure /3 ?†¢ Data description and source /2 ?†¢ Literature review /5 ?†¢ Solution method /5 ?†¢ Solution implementation /3 Total /20 marks QUOTES (TO BE USED IN PA PER) â€Å"There are promising consulting opportunities, mainly in†¦solid waste management† (Sam, 1999, pp. 92). â€Å"Integrated sustainable waste management is based on ‘good garbage governance,’ and its goal includes inclusive, financially sustainable and institutionally responsive waste management, which funcitons well for users and providers† (United Nations, 2010, pp. 141). BIBLIOGRAPHY Sam PA, 1999. International environmental consulting practice: how and where to take advantage of global opportunities. US: John Wiley & Sons. United Nations, 2010. Solid waste management in the world’s cities: water and sanitation in the world’s Cities 2010. UK: UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements

Final exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Final exam - Assignment Example The women also fail to challenge patriarchy rule in their societies, as well to challenge men’s dominance over them. Women, according to Hooks, should be compatible with the blame of sexism and not view it as a competing ideology between men and women. Kimmel is of the view that most violent people in the industrious world are men. He sees gender inequality as a key cause of violence. According to him, women exhibit aggression in terms of gossips unlike men who are quite physically aggressive (Kimmel, chapt12). In the United States history of gender violence, gender violence by men has been termed as a proof of manhood. Men view violence as a form of communication to women. He states that images of masculinity create a violent society. Men and women are concerned with aspects that exaggerate their biological differences. Love and friendship is termed as traditionally feminine, while sexual behavior is increasingly defined as masculine. Masculinization of sexuality is as a result of transformation in sexuality and sexual revolution with the promise of sexual freedom that has fewer emotional and physical consequences (Kimmel, chapt11). Men and women have different conceptions about sex understanding and fantasies. Kimmel; hence, argues that gay men in the society have low rates of committed relationships, while lesbians have the highest rate of committed relationships. He concludes that men place sexuality at the center of their lives while women are interested in affection and care in the context of a love relationship. The â€Å"sexual peaks† difference between men and women is thought to be biological, but Kimmel argues that it is a reflection of the social organization of marriage in a society. According to Fone, the Sodom story was not a punishment to homosexuality. He states that Sodom was conflacted with varied kinds of social deviances. The sodomites were accused of being heretics, traitors, adulterers, hypocrites, idol

Creation of Neocolonialism

Creation of Neocolonialism By studying craft breweries across the state of Iowa, this study will investigate how Iowa craft breweries are fostering neolocalism and providing third places for their patrons by appealing to their desire to seek out local ties.   It will also investigate how the industry has grown spatially.   Here, I will examine Iowas strong ties to agriculture, the demographics of the first settlers, population and demographics of the state, its history of brewing, and the locations of breweries throughout the state. Iowa Iowa is located in the Midwestern United States.   Its eastern border is the Mississippi River and the Missouri River runs near its western border (Figure 1).   The geographic location (latitude ranging from 40 ° 36 N to 43 ° 30 N and its interior continental location) allows for distinct seasonal variations (Climate of Iowa   ; Iowa Geography from NETSTATE).   The states average temperature ranges from between 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit with July being the hottest month ranging from 61 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit in the mornings to 82 to 87 degrees Fahrenheit in the afternoon.   Average precipitation is around 34 inches per year, almost three-fourths of which falls during the growing season which lasts about 162 days, beginning after the last frost in spring, and ending with the first frost in fall (April through September) (Climate of Iowa). Due to multiple glaciations over geologic time, the state is generally flat to rolling, with well-draining and fertile soils.   These characteristics along with her wet springs, hot summers, and long growing season allow the state to have successful and variable agriculture (Ross 1951).   Iowas first settlers were Native Americans.   The Ioway, Sauk, Mesquaki, Sioux, Potawatomi, Oto, and Missouri tribes were among them.   Iowas first official white settlement was established in 1833 and the settlers quickly identified how fertile the land was (Schwieder 2010).   By 1838, Iowas population had grown, primarily due to immigration, to 22, 859 and by 1840 the state had 43, 112 residents (Ross 1951) (Table 1). Table 1:   Historical Population of Iowa (Peters 2011) Year 1910 1950 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population 2,224,771 2,621,073 2,824,376 2,913,808 2,776,755 2,926,324 3,046,355 The states population was estimated in 2014 to be 314,107,084 with around 72 percent of the population being 21 years of age or older.   It is divided into 99 counties with the largest city in the state being the capital, Des Moines, with a population of 204,220 followed by Cedar Rapids at 126,326 (United States Census Bureau 2016).   Sixty-six open breweries across the state will be investigated. The History of Brewing in Iowa Brewing in Iowa began with the opening of its first brewery in Ft. Madison in 1844; by 1854, there were 27 throughout the state.   The Temperance movement began to become popular in the state well before Prohibition so the number of craft breweries rose and fell with the strength of the movement.   In 1854, the state passed its first prohibition law.   This law failed to be effectively enforced, so by 1858 the state had increased its number of breweries to 42 followed by a further increase to 149 by 1875 (Lipsman, Siegelman, and Otto 2015). In 1880 and 1882, the voters supported laws that made all alcohol, except that sold by pharmacists, illegal in the state.   The statewide prohibition lasted until 1893, causing the number of breweries to drop to 28.   These laws had many loopholes and were difficult to enforce.   Finally, in 1915 and 1917, more prohibition laws were passed resulting in the closing of all breweries in the state (Lipsman, Siegelman, and Otto 2015). Iowa saw the establishment of the first post-Prohibition brewery in Amana in 1985 (Figure 2).   By 2015, there were 66 (Figure 3).   Much of the expansion began after a 2010 (Figure 4) change in state law that allowed the production of high alcohol content beers (greater than 5 percent but less than 12 percent ABW) (Lipsman, Siegelman, and Otto 2015). References    Climate of Iowa. 2017. National Weather Service [cited 01/28/2017 2017]. Available from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/dvn/downloads/Clim_IA_01.pdf. Iowa Geography from NETSTATE. 2017. 02/25/2016 [cited 01/29/2017 2017]. Available from http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/ia_geography.htm. Lipsman, M., H. Siegelman, and D. Otto. 2015. The Economic Impact of the Craft Beer Industry in Iowa, 1-88: The Iowa Wine and Beer Promotion Board. Peters, D. J. 2011. Iowa Population Over 100 Years, 26: Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Ross, E. D. 1951. Iowa Agriculture: An Historical Survey. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. Schwieder, D. 2017. History of Iowa. State Library of Iowa 2010 [cited 01/28/2017 2017]. Available from http://publications.iowa.gov/135/1/history/7-1.html.

Use of Imagery in D.H. Lawrences The Horse Dealers Daughter :: Horse Dealers Daughter Essays

Use of Imagery in D.H. Lawrence's The Horse Dealer's Daughter Circumstances force three brothers and their sister from home in D.H. Lawrence's "The Horse Dealer's Daughter." The brothers, and their friend Jack Fergusson, worry because the sister, Mabel, will not tell them what she intends to do with herself. The author uses Imagery to symbolize a rebirth in Jack and in Mabel. Lawrence uses dog and horse imagery to describe the family members. Joe stands in "horsey fashion," Fred Henry is an "animal which controls," and Malcolm has a "jauntymuseau." In fact, the entire family has an "animal pride." Lawrence describes the brothers in terms of horses apparently to emphasize the importance of the horses in their lives; once the horses are gone, life as they know it will be over. Joe, the eldest, is reluctant to leave before his siblings resolve their plans, but eventually he retreats with his "tail between his legs." The author uses water imagery to symbolize death. On an afternoon "moist" with "heavy coldness," Mabel walks straight into a pond until the water is over her head. The pond's dimensions suggest a grave. Jack, who can not swim, risks his own life when he steps into the "dead cold" water to save her. He stumbles while in the water and feels as though he is "suffocating" for "eternity." When he recovers, he knows he is back in "the world" Jack and Mabel, by going into and under the "rotten" water, seem to experience a sort of death. Fire then would symbolize the rebirth Jack and Mabel experience and the passion that fuels it. The house is "empty" when Jack carries Mabel there, but fire is "burning in the grate." Likewise, "Mabel was unconscious of her surroundings," but "she was conscious of herself.

CTV Newsnet Case Analysis

Chapter 3 CTV Newsnet [pic] 1. Abstract In January 2000, the CTV Newsnet was confronted with a threat to its reputation and growth. A tape with offensive remarks made by the News broadcaster Avery Haines’ were aired mistakenly, and it aroused great public indignation. By means of OB analysis, we found that Haines’ dispositional characteristics such as low emotional stability and lack of conscientiousness, heavy workplace stress, and different attribution processes conducted by the anchor, her coworkers and the audience may all be causes of that crisis.Therefore, we suggest that CTV Newsnet could deal with its reputation crisis and prevent the similar technical and behavioural mistakes in the future as the following: 1) communicating effectively with the viewers about the company’s value and attitude toward this incident, 2) setting up positive reinforcers and punishment rules to encourage desirable behaviour and eliminate undesirable behaviour, 3) holding periodi cal seminar to strengthen employees’ awareness of work ethics, 4) doing job redesign to verify job tasks and reduce working pressure, and 5) providing proper training programs to improve employees’ cognitive abilities and professional skills. Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2 2. Introduction 4 3. Case Analysis 4 3. 1 Personality 4 3. 2 Stress 5 3. 3 Actor-observer Effect7 4. Solutions8 4. 1 Operant Learning Theory8 4. 2 Coping with Stress 9 4. 3 Attribution Theory 10 5. Conclusion 11 6. Bibliography12 7. Appendices13 2. Introduction The news channel, CTV Newsnet, had been playing important role in practicing the CTV Inc. ’s philosophy which emphasizes the social commitment, such as caring about farming issues. However, in January, 2000, CTV Newsnet had faced a severe challenge to maintain its reputation.This incident started with the CTV Newsnet anchor Avery Haines, who had stuttered and flubbed while recording a report introduction on farmer issues. In order to c over her own embarrassment and ease the tension for other co-workers in the studio, she made a private self-deprecating joke which included inappropriate remarks about various minorities. Of course, they retaped this part, but later that day, a CTV technician mistakenly aired the wrong tape which included the error and the offensive comment to the public. Soon after, mountains of criticism and suspicions about CTV’s professionalism and integrity flooded into the company. The happening of this fatal mistake indeed had adverse impacts on the company’s reputation as well as its further expansion plan.Thus, the purpose of our report is to decrease the possibility of making small but fatal mistakes among employees and to improve their sense of responsibility. 3. Casa Analysis 3. 1 Personality and the Big Five Personality can be described as the individual’s personal style to deal with the world. For Haines, there is a whole mixture of features that describe her perso nality. When hiring Haines as a â€Å"Hostess† for CTV, Kowalski, the CTV News senior vice-president and general manager was applying one of the key concepts of OB: the fit concept (textbook P41). Indeed, Kowalski felt immediately that Haines is the right person to fit in the fast-paced and demanding milieu of TV. Kowalski was impressed by her personal and professional qualifications.At the professional level, Haines had won many awards, shown a high level of performance, and earned wide popularity. At the personal level, and according to the five-factor model of personality, Haines showed her openness (she was creative and eager to move forward from radio to television), agreeableness (she humbly accepted criticism and advice, and completely committed to the job) and extraversion (she was interested in everything and had quickly gained the support and affection from her co-workers) (Ng, et al. , 2005). However, her lack of emotional stability (self-confidence) and consciousn ess (responsibility) didn’t appear to Kowalski until the fatal errors occurred.In fact, Haines’ self-depreciating joke to cover her embarrassment and hide her vulnerability and awkwardness is a display of the lack of confidence and consideration of the consequences. According to the intereactionist approach, organizational behaviour is a function of both dispositions and the situation (George, 1992). Indeed, Haines was facing a weak situation where there are loosely defined roles and few rules, so it’s hard to define appropriate behaviour (Adler & Weiss, 1988). As a result, personality tends to have most impact in weak situations, which was the case of Haines behaviour. 3. 2 Stress It was a very long day in CTV, they were preparing for a show talking about the farmers’ story which attracted growing attention all over Canada, and Haines due to being stressed made her famous mistake.Stress can be defined as a psychological reaction to the demands inherent i n a stressor that has the potential to make a person feel tense or anxious (McGrath, 1970). In our case, the viewers of the broadcasting on the farmers’ issue were the potential stressors to Haines, whereas Haines was also the potential stressor to her co-workers. Haines’ personality which was discussed earlier can mainly determine the extent to which the potential stressor becomes a real stressor, and it also determines how she reacted to stress behaviourally, psychologically, and physiologically. This can explain why Haines can be a potential stressor who exerted in turn stress on the work environment in which employees actions were affected and the wrong tape mistake was made.In terms of Locus of control (which is a set of beliefs about whether one’s behaviour is controlled by mainly internal or external forces), Haines reacted in this way since she was an external person. This type of people are more likely to feel anxious in the face of potential stressors (Ng, et al. , 2006), and that’s the case of Haines when she made her famous mistake; she was stressed and started making jokes to overcome her mistake, unlike if she was an internal person (which internal factors determine her personality) she would have confronted her stressors. Furthermore, Haines suffered from managerial and executive stress, since she had a work overload on the day of the incident.Also, Haines has a heavy responsibility and her work carried considerate significance to CTV’s philosophy which addresses social commitment; thus, not only she was under great pressure but also her co-workers, which increased the possibility of the occurrence of the tape mistake. Finally, other general stress factors such as work-family conflict, Job insecurity, and role ambiguity might affect the level of stress among CTV employees and led to the problem in the workplace. 3. 3 Actor-observer Effect According to Attribution theory, people’s behavior can be attribut ed to dispositional and situational causes though they are not always accurate. When people are forming attribution to explain others’ behavior, biases and errors are hard to avoid.Thus, in the CTV Newsnet case, Haines and her colleagues in the studio did not perceive her joking as a big problem  ; on the other hand, viewers were more likely to attribute her comments to her real disposition. The fact that viewers and her co-workers had different perceptions of Haines’s joking reflected the actor-observe effect in attributing process (Watson, 1982).. In this case, Haines tended to attribute her making joke to some external factors. They may include her extreme tiredness with the heavy workload, the attempt to ease the embarrassment, and the certainty of a second recording. This is because Haines as an â€Å"actor† is more sensitive than â€Å"observers† (the audience) of the pros and cons that the environment offered (Textbook, p83).Moreover, she knew ex actly her own thoughts and intentions which is to get herself and her co-workers relaxed. In general, people know better anout how and why their behavior varies by situations, while the observers tend to guess. In terms of the perspectives of Haines’ co-workers, they would also attribute Haines’ behavior to the external causes because they understood Haines’ motivation and thoughts in that specific situation, and they also know her personality well. They usually saw Haines as a talented, reliable and unbiased person. Thus, coworkers might perceive her making improper joke as an accident due to the low consistency and high distinctiveness of her this behaviour (Medcof, 1990).As the observer of Haines’s behaviour, CTV viewers had high possibility to commit the fundamental attribution error through overemphasizing dispositional causes and ignoring the possible environmental factors that may incur her joke making (Jones, 1979). Because viewers lacked the know ledge about the constraints, private thoughts, feelings, and intentions regarding Haines’s behaviour, they intuitively assumed that the anchor’s making discriminatory remarks reflected her real thoughts. Hence, they inevitablly felt horrified and annoyed. 4. Solutions: 4. 1 Operant Learning theory What happened to the CTV Newsnet indicated two main problems that threatened the maintenance of its reputation and integrity, less professional broadcasting and inferior technical error. Both behavioural mistakes should be eliminated for the sake of the entire company.According to the operant learning theory, two approaches could help CTV newsnet to improve their operationing effectiveness. One approach is to use appropriate positive and negative reinforcement to stimulate desired behaviour. The other is to use extinction and punishment to stop undesired behaviour (Textbook P49-55). In order to avoid such basic technical misconduct on the short-term basis, the CTV managers co uld adopt positive reinforcement by establishing periodical employee recognition programs. They include offerring financial rewards quarterly or annually to error-free employees and employees who made significant progress in their work.Moreover, a long-term training and development program can be conducted for technicians to learn how to operate the broadcasting equipment properly and efficiently as well as to adopt new technologies and upgrade their professional knowledge. To minimize the similar mishap made by Haines, CTV should create clear communication channel between company and employees to encourage a more direct feedback. It will give help the organization find out their employees’ personal or work-related difficulties so that their performance can be enhanced (Peterson & Luthans, 2006). If employees’ problems were incurred by too much workload, managers should consider hiring extra staff or enhancing the efficiency of management to cut the workload for employ ees.If making mistake was due to the lack of job interest and enthusiasm, the company could offer employees the opportunity to rotate among different positions or grand employees more controling power over their tasks to raise their sense of involvement. Meanwhile, through the negative reinforcement, the upper management may also monitor employees’ job performance and behaviour. Building up a more strict set of operational rules helps prohibit undesirable behaviours in the studio. Any breach of the rules could lead to disciplinary actions such as a verbal warning, a written warning or an ultimate dismissal. Employees’ attemppt to eliminate these unpleasant outcomes (warning and dismissal) can motivate them to obey the rules (textbook, p50).Although punishment might cause unwanted impacts on employees’ working enthusiasm, it is a effective way to prohibit seriously adverse behaviour sometimes. It also serves as a sound warning for other potential mistake-makers a nd a necessary compromise for easing the public anger. In CTV case, Haines should be fired for her unprofessional behaviour though unintentional since it already incurred a huge wave of public irritation. The technician who played the wrong tape should also be punished for his or her carelessness. However, using punishment should always be careful. 4. 2 Coping with stress In order to reduce and overcome the stress which could occur in the work place now and in future, CTV should start implementing concrete actions.For example, doing job redesign that changes the job depth and breadth can rebuild the job tasks with more diversity and authority. CTV could socially support its employees by planning events and activities which can improve the employee’s social life. The human resource department could establish a family friendly policy for the employees, which will allow the staff to balance better between their job duties and family responsibilities (Grant & Parker, 2009). Final ly CTV could also introduce stress management programs and work balance programs to allow its employees to arrange their time and tasks effectively with a wisely designed working schedule. . 3 Attribution theory Concerning the above analysis, some work-related attitudes among employees in CTV Inc. should be modified or reinforced. Since attitudes can be modified through persuasively changing people’s beliefs and values (Textbook, p120), holding seminars and developing training programs can indeed help improve the work-related attitudes of CTV workers. First, employees should improve their awareness of the limitation of viewers’ knowledge about the journalists’ or broadcasters’ personal conditions. Interactive activities involving CTV employees and CTV viewers can be conducted to help them establish better mutual understanding.Then, mangers can hold discussion panels to reinforce the belief that working in CTV requires rigorous work ethics and extensive se nse of responsibility, especially as journalists and broadcasters. And through these trainings, the employees will be encouraged to ponder internal factors for their own behavior and be more aware that their self-perceived minor mistakes could be fatal to the further growth of their company. Besides, CTV Newsnet should enhancee its employees’ personal skills to maintain its professionalism and reliability. According to the concepts of job performance, individual job performance is heavily affected by his or her general cognitive ability, which refers to intelligence (Textbook, P149).Training programs can be conducted to refine speaking skills of the anchors so that they can be more careful and thoughtful about wording when broadcasting the public information. Moreover, periodical seminars can be held to retain employees’ proper consciousness of political, religious and ethnic issues and to enrich their storage of the relevant knowledge. 5. Conclusion About decade ago, CTV Newsnet anchor Avery Haines’ offensive remarks were aired mistakenly and caused great controversies in the public. The management was facing a severe challenge: the news station’s reputation and growth were threatened. 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